Agricultural extension systems play a critical role in bridging the gap between knowledge and practice, particularly in the context of climate change. However, in Kwara State, extension services remain weak and insufficiently equipped to support climate adaptation. Evidence from the PALM-TREEs project shows that a large proportion of farmers lack access to training, limiting their ability to adopt climate-smart practices. The study highlights significant gaps in farmer knowledge, extension outreach, and institutional capacity. These gaps constrain the adoption of adaptive practices and reduce the effectiveness of agricultural interventions.

This policy brief draws on PALM-TREEs findings and relevant literature to propose a transformation of extension systems into climate adaptation delivery platforms, capable of supporting resilient agricultural systems in Kwara State. Without urgent reform, Kwara State risks continued agricultural underperformance and rising rural poverty.