President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, in his Renewed Hope Agenda, identified reforming the economy as a key priority for delivering sustained, inclusive growth. The agenda defines inclusive growth as development that is “people-centered,” reaching every community to ensure no citizen is left behind.
This is to be achieved through the capital and recurrent budget processes that should enable grassroots empowerment, social investment & poverty alleviation, economic diversification, human capital development, financial inclusion, and inclusive housing (Fed. Min. of Budget and Econ. Planning, 2025).

Deriving from NISER study data on Government expenditure for the period 1981 to 2023, this policy brief examines the relationship between government spending and inclusive growth.